نقد دیدگاه نفی‌گرایانه قونوی در انطباق صادر اول و عقل اول با تکیه بر داوری ملاصدرا

نویسندگان
سیدمحمد موسوی بایگی
محمدمهدی سلامی
گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات، دانشگاه علوم اسلامی رضوی، مشهد، ایران
10.58209/jpt.5.2.239
چکیده
پرسش از نحوه صدور کثرات از مبدا واحد از اساسی‌ترین مسایل در فلسفه و عرفان اسلامی است. قاعده الواحد بر صدور معلول واحد از واحد حقیقی دلالت دارد، در حالی که وجود کثرت امری بدیهی است. حکمای مشاء با تبیین صدور عقول طولی و حکمت اشراق با معرفی نور اقرب این چالش را پاسخ داده‌اند. در عرفان نظری صادر اول، حقیقت محمدیه و نخستین تجلی مطلق تلقی شده است. صدرالدین قونوی صادر اول را حقیقتی اطلاقی و بسیط می‌داند که عقل اول تنها یکی از تجلیات آن است. فناری در نقد حکمای مشاء، صادر اول را وجود محض و فاقد ماهیت معرفی می‌کند. ملاصدرا با ارایه نظریه وحدت وجود و تحلیل علیت بر مبنای تشأن و تجلی، دیدگاه‌های فلسفی و عرفانی را جمع نموده و عقل اول را همان صادر اول دانسته است. این مقاله به تحلیل دیدگاه قونوی و تطبیق آن با اندیشه ملاصدرا می‌پردازد.

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