Criticism of Qunavi's Negativity Perspective on the Compatibility of the First Emanation and the First Intellect based on Mulla Sadra's Judgment

Authors
S.M. Moosavi Bayegi
M.M. Salami
Department of Islamic Philosophy and Theology, Faculty of Theology, Razavi University of Islamic Sciences, Mashhad, Iran
10.58209/jpt.5.2.239
Abstract
The issue of how multiplicity emanates from a single source is a central question in Islamic philosophy and mysticism. The principle of the One suggests that a single cause produces only one effect, while multiplicity is self-evident. Peripatetic philosophers addressed this through the emanation of successive intellects, while Illuminationist philosophy introduced the concept of the "nearest light." In theoretical mysticism, the First Emanation is seen as the Muhammadan Reality, the first absolute manifestation. Sadr al-Dīn al-Qūnawī views the First Emanation as an absolute, simple reality, with the First Intellect being one of its manifestations. Fanārī critiques the Peripatetics, describing the First Emanation as pure existence without quiddity. Mullā Sadrā reconciles these views through his doctrine of the unity of existence and causal analysis, identifying the First Intellect with the First Emanation. This article examines and compares Qūnawī’s and Mullā Sadrā’s perspectives.

Keywords

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Philosophical Thought
Volume 5, Issue 2 - Serial Number 18
Winter 2025
Pages 239-257