داوری اخلاقی درباره نصیرالدین طوسی؛ بازنگری تاریخ از چشم‌انداز یک معرفت‌شناس

نویسنده
مرتضی متولی
گروه فلسفه و کلام اسلامی، دانشکده الهیات و معارف اسلامی، دانشگاه تهران، تهران، ایران
10.58209/jpt.5.2.155
چکیده
مساله من در این مقاله بررسی دیدگاه بِرَون، ریپْکا، لِوی، و آربِری است که نصیرالدین طوسی را خائنی بی‌اخلاق می‌دانند. من با تحلیل فلسفی و اتخاذ رویکردی معرفت‌شناسانه نشان می‌دهم که استدلال تاریخی ایشان سه خلل بزرگ دارد. نخست اینکه در برخی مقدمات مفاهیم/احکام ارزشی را گنجانده‌اند. دوم اینکه نتیجه‌ای حاوی مفاهیم/احکام ارزشی گرفته‌اند. سوم اینکه گزارش‌های تاریخی یادشده از سوی ایشان نه دقیق و کامل است نه در بافت آن زمان نگریسته شده و نه حتی با توجه به سراسر آثار و زندگی خود نصیرالدین طوسی ذکر شده است. نگاهی تاریخی ما را به این نتیجه رهنمون می‌شود که ارایه این دیدگاه از سوی ایشان دو دلیل عمده دارد. نخست اینکه تا پیش از ۱۹۶۸ پژوهش‌های محققانه زیاد و دقیقی درباره نصیرالدین طوسی و تاریخ و زمانه او انجام نشده بود. دوم اینکه هم طوسی شخصیتی پیچیده و جالب است هم زمانه و رویدادهای دوران زندگی او.

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