Critical Comparison Between the Inherent Validity of Certainty in Knowledge of osol and Clifford's Ethics of Belief Theory

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
mohammad ali amirmohammadi 1
Ali Asghar Jafari 2
1 Kharazmi University
2 Motahari University
Abstract
In this article, we have stated that osolian mention three features for certainty: the necessity to act upon it, its ḥujjiyat, and its discovery(kashfiyat) nature. They believe these three features are intrinsic and cannot be made or nullified. They rely on the discovery(kashfiyat) nature of certainty for the necessity to act and its intrinsic nature for ḥujjiyat From their perspective, not accepting such a thing would lead to an infinite regress. They also see the nullification of ḥujjiyat as involving contradiction and the imposition of the impossible, which collectively reason opposes. They have also referred to its inherent nature for being indicative of reality(kashfiyat). On the other hand, Clifford believes that certainty, in and of itself, holds no value unless it is supported by sufficient evidence. He demonstrated through examples that even if individuals act according to their certainty, they are morally condemned if they do not pursue fairness and justice. From this perspective, all three characteristics of certainty will be problematic because acting on certainty without sufficient evidence is a mistake and can lead to disastrous consequences؛ Also, ḥujjiyat is also rejected because certainty without evidence is neither rational nor moral. Likewise, its discovery nature is not intrinsic because, like the certainty of the ship owner, it sometimes lacks discovery value. As a result, what the osolian stated does not align with Clifford's view, and overall, the ethics of belief is endorsed.
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Philosophical Thought
Volume 5, Issue 3 - Serial Number 19
Spring 2025
Pages 1001-10011