Human Interests from the Perspective of Rule Utilitarianism and Expediency Jurisprudence

Document Type : Original Research

Authors
S. Karimi 1
M. Aghajani 2
1 Department of Moral Philosophy, Faculty of Philosophy, University of Religions and Denominations, Qom, Iran
2 Department of Fiqh and Usul, Qom Seminary, Qom, Iran
10.58209/jpt.4.2.91
Abstract
Interests are divided into three categories of validity; valid, invalid, and unrestricted. Utilitarianism is divided into two categories: act utilitarianism and rule utilitarianism. In act utilitarianism, the greatest benefit for the greatest number of individuals is weighed according to specific situations, while in rule utilitarianism, adherence to moral rules is considered without exception. In expediency jurisprudence, one must act according to the rules, but in some specific cases, lower interests must be sacrificed to preserve higher interests. In rule utilitarianism, one must proceed according to the rules, and the rule is not subject to exceptions. The temporal criteria of interest, the material and spiritual nature of interests, and the consideration and non-consideration of religion and otherworldly interests are among the differences between utilitarianism and expediency jurisprudence. On the other hand, the principle of the primacy of repelling harm over attracting benefit has also been reinterpreted based on negative utilitarianism.

Keywords

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