تحلیل ایده «اشتراک لفظی وجود» از منظر حکیم رجب‌علی تبریزی و بررسی منازعه وی با ملّاصدرا در این مساله

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
سعید انواری 1
محمود هدایت افزا 2
1 گروه فلسفه، دانشکده ادبیات فارسی و زبان‌های خارجی، دانشگاه علامه طباطبایی، تهران، ایران
2 گروه فلسفه و کلام، دانشکده الهیات، دانشکدگان فارابی، دانشگاه تهران، قم، ایران
10.58209/jpt.4.1.71
چکیده
حکیم رجب‌علی تبریزی از جمله فیلسوفانی است که به مساله اشتراک لفظی یا معنوی «مفهوم وجود» پرداخته است. وی ضمن اشاره به برخی از آرای پیشینیان، برهانی عقلی به سود اشتراک لفظی وجود اقامه کرده است. وی از حیث معرفت‌شناختی قایل به ارتباط وثیق میان مفاهیم با مصادیق بود، از این رو نمی‌توان از چنین متفکر واقع‌گرایی انتظار داشت که درباره مفهومی همچون وجود، فارغ از مصادیق آن حکم نماید. همچنین عدم باور تبریزی به مفاهیم اعتباری در فلسفه نیز، با رای او به اشتراک لفظی وجود همسو است. ولی برخلاف تلقّی شاگرد وی خاتون‌آبادی، این مطلب دلیل اصلی گرایش حکیم به ایده اشتراک لفظی وجود نبوده است؛ بلکه مخاطب اصلی تبریزی در این مساله، صدرالدین شیرازی است که برداشت خاصی از قول به اشتراک لفظی وجود دارد و به پشتوانه آن، ایده چالش‌برانگیز تشکیک در حقیقت وجود را مطرح می‌کند که به هیچ وجه مورد پذیرش حکیم تبریزی نیست.

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