گزارش و ارزیابی نقد نیکولاس رشر بر تخصص‌گرایی فزون‌گرا در فلسفه

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
احمد ابراهیم‌زاده
آرش جمشیدپور
حسین واله
گروه فلسفه، دانشکده ادبیات و علوم انسانی، دانشگاه شهید بهشتی، تهران، ایران
10.58209/jpt.4.1.41
چکیده
تخصص‌گرایی و روی‌گردانی از سیستم‌سازی‌های کلان در فلسفه را می‌توان از رویه‌های نسبتاً رایج فیلسوفان تحلیلی دانست. با ‌این همه، فیلسوف معاصر نیکولاس رشر، به عنوان یکی از استثناهای این سنت، نه‌تنها با این الگو بیگانه است که حتی آن را آسیبی روش‌شناختی می‌داند. این نوشتار در میان آثار رشر به مبانی فلسفی این نظرگاه، روش‌شناسی فلسفی برآمده از آن و روش‌های جزیی راهبردی آن می‌پردازد. رشر با اتکا بر مبانی معرفت‌شناختی خود (به‌ویژه انسجام‌گرایی) معتقد است که باید با رویکردی کل‌نگر و با نظر به تمام زمین فلسفه به حل مسایل آن پرداخت. با اینکه نوع سیستم‌سازی رشر، به جهت عدم غفلت از جزییات مولفه‌های سیستم، از برخی ایرادات در امان است، اما همچنان از منظر روش‌شناختی محتاج اصلاح یا تکمیل است. از مهم‌ترین خلاهای این دیدگاه فقدان یک الگوی ضابطه‌مند در مدیریت تعادلی میان جامع‌نگری و تخصص‌گرایی و همچنین در تعیین مرزهای بیشینگی سیستم است.

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