ارزشمندی حیات جنین؛ تاملی انتقادی در باب نقش شخص‌بودگی در حمایت از حیات انسان

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده
احمد فلاحی
گروه حقوق، دانشکده علوم انسانی و اجتماعی، دانشگاه کردستان، سنندج، ایران
10.58209/jpt.4.1.1
چکیده
حیات انسان امری خودبنیاد است و نباید آن را به یک حق تقلیل داد و تضمین حیات انسان در ابعاد مختلف، غایت حق‌هاست. از آنجا که جنین انسانی، ماهیتی بشری داشته (این نیز مورد پذیرش طرفداران تئوری شخص‌بودگی است) و حیات دارد، صرف این حیات باید مورد حمایت بوده و جنین از شانس زنده‌ماندن برخوردار باشد؛ چه اینکه رابطه پدر و مادر با جنین-فرزند، پیوندی مالکانه نبوده، بلکه ماهیتی امانی دارد. شخص‌بودن، یک ویژگی ذاتی در تعریف ماهیت انسان نیست و بلکه خصوصیتی اعتباری-انتزاعی است که انسان کسب می‌کند و نباید حمایت از هستی موجود انسانی را به شخص‌بودگی او فروکاست؛ همچنان که باید در نظر داشت، دیدگاه واحدی در مورد ویژگی‌های شخص‌بودگی و آغاز آن وجود ندارد و با توجه به اختلاف نظر موجود در این ارتباط، نباید حیات جنین را به عنوان امری قطعی در برابر امر غیرقطعی، مورد صدمه قرار داد.

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