امروزه ناچاریم که در بسیاری امور نظری و عملی به متخصصان مراجعه کنیم. ما آنها را افرادی قابل اعتماد میدانیم و به آنها تکیه میکنیم. برای توجیه بسیاری باورهای خود جز گواهی متخصصان دلیل دیگری در اختیار نداریم. اما برای اعتماد به متخصصان لازم است آنها را بشناسیم و بدانیم چه ویژگیهایی دارند. به همین منظور معرفتشناسان، ذیل معرفتشناسی اجتماعی به تحقیق درباره چیستی تخصص پرداختند. ما در این مقاله، به چیستی تخصص از منظر تحویلگرایان میپردازیم. ابتدا تعریف مبتنیبر صدق و سپس تعریف مبتنیبر توجیه را توضیح داده و نقدهای وارده به آن را شرح میدهیم. نشان میدهیم که برترین تعریف، این است که Sدر دامنه Dمتخصص است اگر و تنها اگر S فهم و توانایی بیشتری نسبت به اکثر مردم نسبت به دامنه D در زمان خود داشته باشد. در انتها پنج شرط لازمباور، انسجام، توانایی، کارآمدی و زمانرا تبیین میکنیم.
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