فراهستی‌شناسی نوفرگه‌ای بر پایه فراهستی‌شناسی فرگه‌ای

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
محمدهادی سلیمانی
داود حسینی
گروه فلسفه و منطق، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه تربیت مدرس، تهران، ایران
10.58209/jpt.3.2.161
چکیده
فراهستی ­شناسی نوفرگه ­ای از بحث ­برانگیزترین فراهستی ­شناسی ­های دهه­ های اخیر است. یکی از رایج­ ترین تلقی ­ها از این فراهستی‌شناسی، لحاظ آن ذیل گونه ­های فراهستی­ شناسی‌های ساده­ نگر نظیر تنوع ­سورگرایی یا ماکسیمالیسم است. با این حال، اگر خود رویکرد فرگه و فراهستی­ شناسی قابل استنباط از این رویکرد را مدنظر قرار دهیم، نسبتی میان فراهستی­ شناسی فرگه ­ای و رویکردهای ساده­ نگر برقرار نخواهد شد. اگر فراهستی ­شناسی نوفرگه ­ای را در راستای فراهستی ­شناسی فرگه­ ای بخوانیم، خوانشی از این فراهستی­ شناسی خواهیم داشت که از مهم ­ترین ویژگی‌هایش

جدی ­نگرانه‌بودن است. نکته بنیادی این فراهستی ­شناسی آن است که در بستر هسته منطقی زبان طبیعی شکل می­گیرد و نه زبان طبیعی صرف. با این حال، اگرچه استفاده از فراهستی ­شناسی فرگه ­ای برای خوانش نوفرگه­ ای ­ها، خوانشی ناسازگار به‌دست نمی­ دهد، الزام ­هایی را به‌ویژه در واضح‌ساختن روش­ شناسی تحمیل می­کند. نیز با این خوانش، کارکرد روش فراهستی­ شناسی­های نوفرگه ­ای، کارکردی متافیزیکی در راستای تعیین مقوله شیء انتزاعی و نیز کارکردی معرفت­ شناسانه در جهت نحوه توجیه آنهاست و نه کارکردی هستی­ شناختی.

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