معرفت‌شناسی اختلاف‌ نظر: تقارن معرفتی، تجربه دینی و تببین بدیل

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسندگان
جلال عبدالهی
سیدعلی طاهری خرم آبادی
گروه فلسفه علم، دانشگاه صنعتی شریف، تهران، ایران
10.58209/jpt.3.2.89
چکیده
مطابق استدلال مصالحه­ گرایان (تقلیل ­گرایان) در معرفت ­شناسی اختلاف نظر، اختلاف نظر با همتای معرفتی، به دلیل بروز تقارن معرفتی، منجر به کاهش (تقلیل) سطح اطمینان و توجیه باور مورد اختلاف­ می ­گردد. با این حال بسیاری از افراد مذهبی، منکر همتایی طرفین هستند. آنها به شواهد خصوصی و تجارب دینی­ ای ارجاع می ­دهند که به صورت شخصی در اختیار دارند و فرد مخالف شان آنها را در اختیار ندارد. بدین ترتیب، دینداران با اشاره به این شواهد و تجارب خصوصی، بروز تقارن معرفتی را انکار می­ کنند و چالشی را پیش­ روی مصالحه­ گرایان قرار می­ دهند. در این مقاله سعی می ­شود با اضافه‌کردن شرط ارایه «تبیین­ بدیل» به شروط متعارف همتای معرفتی، به این چالش پاسخ داده شود. ما ضمن اشاره به برخی از مزیت­ های پاسخ فوق، نشان خواهیم داد که تبیین بدیلِ مطلوبی که مورد انتظار مصالحه‌گرایان است، در اختلاف نظرهای دینی به راحتی قابل ارایه نیست.

کلیدواژه‌ها

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