تحلیل و واکاوی مفهوم بولئسیس یا میل عقلانی در دیدگاه ارسطو

نوع مقاله : پژوهشی اصیل

نویسنده
مریم صمدیه
گروه معارف اسلامی، دانشکده علوم انسانی، دانشگاه مراغه، مراغه، ایران
10.58209/jpt.2.4.325
چکیده
اُرکسیس یا میل در دیدگاه ارسطو، به میل عقلانی و میل غیرعقلانی تقسیم می­شود. میل عقلانی شامل بولئسیس و میل غیرعقلانی شامل اپیسومیا (میل شهوانی) و تومُس (میل احساسی) است. بررسی آراء ارسطو نشان می­دهد که میل عقلانی از جهات مختلفی با سایر امیال متفاوت است. اول اینکه میل عقلانی در مقایسه با میل شهوانی و میل احساسی، به بخش عقلانی نفس تعلق دارد و از این رو تنها اختصاص به انسان دارد و حال آنکه میل شهوانی و میل احساسی در حیوانات نیز وجود دارند. دوم اینکه میل عقلانی به اهدافی مربوط می­شود که از طریق سنجش عقلانی محقق می­شوند و چنین اهدافی از نظر فاعل، به جای اینکه صرفا خوشایند و لذت­بخش باشند، خوب هستند. سوم اینکه میل عقلانی با شناسایی حقیقت سروکار دارد و هم چنین برخلاف میل شهوانی و میل احساسی، میلی آینده­محور است. در نهایت ویژگی برجسته­ی میل عقلانی، مبدأ بودن آن برای افعال اخلاقی است؛ چراکه موضوع میل عقلانی، هدفی عقلانی است؛ چیزی که حیوانات از آن بی­بهره هستند.

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