برای اینکه جرمی متحقق شود، متهم مجرم شناخته و مسئولیت کیفری و اخلاقی بر گرده او بار شود و به تبع اخلاقاً شایسته اعمال مجازات متناسبی شود، در حقوق کیفری کامنلا به شرط عمل اختیاری بهعنوان شرطی لازم و فراگیر استناد جسته میشود. بر اساس این شرط لازم، عمل مجرمانه متشکل از دو عنصر معنوی و عنصر مادی است که عمل اختیاری سازنده عنصر مادی به معنایی مقید و معین است. فیلسوفان اخلاق و حقوق کوشیدهاند تا، بهویژه با توسل بهنظریههایی در فلسفه عمل، تبیینهای اخلاقی گوناگونی برای شرط عمل اختیاری ارایه دهند. در این مقاله، نخست شرط عمل اختیاری چنان که در نظریه حقوقی کامنلا آمده است، تقریر شده و سپس ۵ دلیل و توجیه اخلاقی ممکن و متفاوتی که تاکنون ارایه شدهاند، بررسی میشود. نهایتاً، در نتیجهگیری مقاله ضمن اشاره بهنظریه قابلقبولتر سوالهایی را طرح خواهم کرد تا نشان دهم چرا هر کدام از این تبیینها دچار کمبود و نقیصه هستند.
قانون مجازات اسلامی مصوب 1392.
محبوبی آرانی، حمیدرضا 1398، «بررسی فلسفی دلایل علیه جرمانگاری فکر محض»، مجلهی فلسفه دانشگاه تهران، شماره 47.
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